Italy approves use of Albania migration centres as repatriation hubs

Italy’s right-wing government has approved a decree that expands the use of Albanian fast-track asylum processing centres to include repatriation hubs, in line with a recent EU proposal.

Under the new decree, two centres in Albania that were originally intended for processing non-vulnerable migrants rescued in international waters will now also house migrants who arrived in Italy, had their asylum request rejected and received a deportation order.

The Albanian centres have remained largely inactive since their opening in October, due to legal hurdles and amid wide opposition from human rights associations, which believe they violate international laws and put migrants’ rights at risk.

The project, which has cost nearly €800 million over a five-year investment, has been a disappointment for the conservative government led by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni.

After longer than expected construction work, the first three groups of migrants transferred there in October, November and January were sent back to Italy only a few hours later, after Italian magistrates refused to validate their detention in the non-EU country.

Interior Minister Matteo Piantedosi said in a news conference on Friday that the new decree didn’t change the bulk of the agreement with Albania, but added new functions for the centres.

“The decree changes the law that ratifies the protocol with Albania, but doesn’t change its content, making it possible to transfer to the already existing centre of Gjader also migrants coming from Italy,” Piantedosi explained.

“That would allow us to immediately reactivate that centre so that it won’t lose its functions.”

The Italian move, which offers Meloni a new opportunity to relaunch the costly project, follows a European Commission proposal unveiled in March to open new “return hubs” to be set up in third countries for rejected asylum-seekers.

Only 20% of people with a deportation order are effectively removed from EU territory, according to the European Commission, which presented the European System for Returns as a potential solution.

The proposal aims to set a standard for all 27 members of the bloc and allow national authorities from one country to enforce the deportation order issued by another.

Such rules were missing from the EU’s migration and asylum pact approved last year.

The Italian government is also waiting for a ruling by the European Court of Justice, expected this summer, which could enable the Albanian centres to operate as originally intended

Stricter citizenship rules

In a separate decree, the government also toughened laws on Italian citizenship.

Italian descendants born abroad will automatically become citizens for only two generations and only those with at least one parent or grandparent born in Italy will become citizens from birth.

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Minister of Foreign Affairs Antonio Tajani clarified that many descendants of Italian emigrants will still be able to obtain citizenship, but limits will be set to avoid abuse and “commercialisation” of Italian passports.

From 2014 to 2024, citizens residing abroad increased from some 4.6 million to 6.4 million, a jump of 40%.

Italy has over 60,000 pending proceedings for citizenship.